Physical properties and evolutionary processes of sub-kilometer asteroids

To be run at the 1.54-m Danish telescope (DK154) on La Silla, 
with supporting observations with the 0.65-m telescope (D65) at Ondrejov and from collaborating stations.

Expected total number of equivalent clear nights at DK154 for the project during January 2017-December 2019: 220 nights.

Tasks:
1) Properties of the smallest binary asteroids with D_1 = 0.05-0.5 km
2) BYORP effect in binary near-Earth asteroids
3) YORP effect in NEAs, enlarging the sample
4) Spin states of asteroids with detected Yarkovsky effect
5) Excited spin states among super-fast rotating NEAs with diameters around 0.1 km

Observing plan:
In following, we outline our observing plan for Tasks 2 to 4.
The resolution of this plan is one night.  Usually, more than one
target will be observed on a given night, depending on actual nightly
observing windows of the targets, their physical parameters, and sampling
requirements of the individual tasks.  So, though each individual target has 
a specific number of nights planned below, it means that only a part of the 
telescope time on the nights will be given to the individual target.
Notes: Xn means X nights, usually consecutive ones around a given date or
distributed during a given time interval.  The telescope is DK154 by default, 
unless other telescope or station is mentioned.


1) Properties of the smallest binary asteroids with D_1 = 0.05-0.5 km.
Targets to be scheduled in a course of the project (see Project Description for details).


2) BYORP effect in near-Earth binary asteroids
(66391) 1999 KW4
2000 05 27 to 06 28 - Observed (Scheirich and Pravec, 2009)
2001 - Observed (Scheirich and Pravec, 2009)
2017 06 20 - 4n (D65)
2018 06 12 - 8n (D65, Lowell 1.8-m)
2019 06 05 - 4n (D65)
Note: Predicted Delta M_d = -3.7 deg/yr^2 (McMahon and Scheeres, 2010)


3) YORP effect in NEAs, enlarging the sample

(1862) Apollo
A number of data from previous years.
2014 03 28 to 04 03 - Observed (D65, Prompt, Sugarloaf Mountain)
2014 12 28 to 30 - Observed (D65)
2017 01 01 - 1n
2019 02 08 - 1n
Note: Positive YORP detection.  More data will refine it.

(10115) 1992 SK
1999 02 08 to 03 13 - Observed (D65)
2006 03 05 to 06 - Observed (Polishook 2012)
2013 11 03 to 06 - Observed (Warner 2014)
2017 10 19 - 2n
2017 11 18 - 1n

(17511) 1992 QN
1995 12 28 to 1996 01 16 - Observed (Pravec et al. 1998a, Krugly et al. 2002)
1996 10 07 - Observed (Krugly et al. 2002)
2013 11 01 to 03 - Observed (Warner 2014)
2017 09 19 - 2n (1.8-m Lowell)
2017 10 19 - 2n (1.8-m Lowell)
2017 12 18 - 2n (D65)
2018 09 09 - 2n (D65)
2018 10 09 - 1n
2018 11 08 - 2n

(85990) 1999 JV6
2013 01 12 to 14 - Observed (DK154)
2013 01 23 to 24 - Observed (DK154)
2013 02 20 - Observed (DK154)
2013 03 09 to 12 - Observed (DK154)
2014 02 05 - Observed (DK154)
2015 01 19 to 27 - Observed (DK154)
2016 01 14 - Observed (DK154)
2017 01 31 - 1n
2018 02 10 - 1n
2019 02 05 - 1n

(138852) 2000 WN10
2011 11 19 to 22 - Observed (D65)
2012 11 19 - Observed (DK154)
2013 10 30 to 11 11 - Observed (DK154)
2013 11 22 to 23 - Observed (DK154, Abastumani)
2014 11 17 - Observed (DK154)
2014 12 17 - Observed (DK154)
2015 11 14 to 16 - Observed (DK154)
2016 10 23 - 1n
2016 12 06 - 1n
2017 11 22 - 1n
2018 12 02 - 1n
2019 10 28 - 1n
2019 11 27 - 1n

(161989) Cacus
1978 03 01 to 08 - Observed (Degewij 1978, Schuster et al. 1979)
2003 02 18 to 04 04 - Observed (D65, Masi, Modra)
2009 02 19 - Observed (Koehn et al. 2014)
2014 12 21 - Observed (DK154)
2015 02 17 to 20 - Observed (DK154)
2015 10 09 to 13 - Observed (DK154)
2015 11 05 - Observed (DK154)
2015 12 08 to 15 - Observed (DK154)
2016 02 04 to 12 - Observed (DK154)
2016 03 10 - Observed (DK154)
2017 01 01 - 1n
Note: YORP detected already from the 1978-2016 data, solution to be further refined with the 2017 observations.

(230111) 2001 BE10
2004 01 17 to 20 - Observed (Pray)
2007 01 17 to 19 - Observed (Warner 2007e)
2013 02 04 to 20 - Observed (DK154)
2016 03 05 - 2n (potentially)
2016 04 03 - 1n (potentially)
2019 01 08 - 1n
2019 02 07 - 1n
2019 03 05 - 1n
2019 04 03 - 1n
Note: An anomaly seen in 2013


4) Spin states of asteroids with detected Yarkovsky effect

4a) "Valid" Yarkovsky detections
(2340) Hathor
2014 10 27 to 28 - Observed (D65)
2014 11 16 to 27 - Observed (DK154)
2018 12 07 - 1n
2019 01 06 - 1n

(3361) Orpheus
2017 09 20 - 2n (1.8-m Lowell)
2017 10 20 - 2n (D65)
2017 11 14 - 1n
2018 05 16 - 2n (1.8-m Lowell)
Note: DART flyby target

(10302) 1989 ML
2019 01 11 - 2n
2019 02 05 - 2n
2019 03 07 - 2n

(33342) 1998 WT24
2018 12 07 - 1n

(85774) 1998 UT18
2018 10 08 - 2n
2018 11 07 - 2n
2019 04 06 - 2n
2019 05 06 - 2n (1.8-m Lowell)

(152563) 1992 BF
2017 01 21 - 2n
2018 01 21 - 1n
2018 02 15 - 2n
2018 03 10 - 1n

4b) "Weak" Yarkovsky detections
(5797) Bivoj
1980 - (Harris et al., 1989)
1993 01 26 to 27 - (Mottola et al., 1995)
2018 10 08 - 1n
2018 11 07 - 2n
2018 12 07 - 1n
2019 01 06 - 1n
2019 02 05 - 1n
2019 03 01 - 1n
2019 04 01 - 1n
Note: 1/S = 54

(161989) Cacus
Note: 1/S = 57
Note: Also in Task 3 (see the observing dates there)


5) Excited spin states among super-fast rotating NEAs with diameters around 0.1 km
Targets will be scheduled as specified in Project Description.